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<\/p>\nAfter losing 50 pounds on the injectable weight loss medication Zepbound, Kyra Wensley received a surprising letter from her pharmacy benefit manager in April.<\/p>\n
Her request for coverage had been denied, the letter said, because she\u2019d had a body mass index of less than 35 when she started Zepbound. The 25-year-old who lives in New York had been taking Zepbound without incident for months, so she was confused: Why was her BMI, which had been around 32 when she started, becoming an issue only now?<\/p>\n
Wensley had no interest in quitting an effective drug. \u201cGoing right off like that, it\u2019s easier said than done,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n
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Her doctor fought to keep her on the GLP-1 agonist, the category that includes weight loss and Type 2 diabetes drugs Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, and Zepbound. But Wensley ultimately had to switch from Zepbound to Wegovy to meet her plan\u2019s requirements. She said she doesn\u2019t like Wegovy as much as her old medication, but she now feels lucky to be on any GLP-1.<\/p>\n
Lots of research suggests such medications must be used indefinitely to maintain weight loss and related health benefits. But with list prices of roughly $1,000 a month<\/a>, public and private payers are struggling to keep up with ballooning demand<\/a> for GLP-1 weight loss drugs and in some cases are eliminating or restricting their coverage as a result.<\/p>\n North Carolina Medicaid plans to end GLP-1 coverage<\/a> for weight loss on Oct. 1, just over a year after starting the coverage<\/a>. Pennsylvania is planning to limit Medicaid coverage to beneficiaries at the highest risk of complications from obesity. And despite recent reports<\/a> of a potential federal pilot program to extend coverage of GLP-1 obesity drugs under Medicaid and Medicare, all state Medicaid programs are likely to be under pressure due to steep spending cuts<\/a> in the budget reconciliation package recently signed into law by President Donald Trump.<\/p>\n Already, many GLP-1 users quit within a year<\/a>, studies suggest<\/a> \u2014 often due to side effects, high costs, or insurance issues. Now a growing number of researchers, payers, and providers are exploring deliberate \u201cdeprescription,\u201d which aims to taper some patients off their medication after they have taken it for a certain amount of time or lost a certain amount of weight.<\/p>\n The U.K.\u2019s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, which creates guidance for the National Health Service<\/a>, recommends two-year limits<\/a> on the use of some weight loss medications, such as Wegovy. And the concept was raised in a recent Institute for Clinical and Economic Review report on affordable access<\/a> to obesity drugs.<\/p>\n A. Mark Fendrick<\/a>, who directs the Center for Value-Based Insurance Design at the University of Michigan, has argued<\/a> that if some people using GLP-1s to lose weight were eventually transitioned off, more people could take advantage of them.<\/p>\n \u201cIf you\u2019re going to spend $1 billion or $100 billion, you could either spend it on fewer people for a long period of time, or you can spend it on a lot more people for a shorter period of time,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n Fendrick\u2019s employer, the University of Michigan, indeed does that. Its prescription drug plan caps coverage of GLP-1 drugs at two years<\/a> if they\u2019re used solely for weight loss.<\/p>\n Jamie Bennett, a spokesperson for Wegovy and Ozempic maker Novo Nordisk, declined to comment on the concept of deprescription, noting that its drugs are intended for chronic conditions. Rachel Sorvig, a spokesperson for Zepbound and Mounjaro manufacturer Eli Lilly, said in a statement that users should \u201ctalk to their health care provider about dosage and duration needs.\u201d<\/p>\n Studies have shown that people typically regain a substantial amount of weight<\/a> within a year of stopping GLP-1 medications<\/a>, and that many people who quit ultimately go back on the drugs.<\/p>\n \u201cThere\u2019s no standard of care or gold standard on how to wean right now,\u201d said Allison Adams<\/a>, an obesity and internal medicine doctor with UK HealthCare in Kentucky.<\/p>\n But the math shows why time-limited coverage is appealing to payers that struggle to pay for beneficiaries\u2019 GLP-1 prescriptions, said Michelle Gourdine<\/a>, chief medical officer for the pharmacy benefit manager CVS Caremark.<\/p>\n And states are \u201cbetween a rock and a hard place,\u201d said Kody Kinsley, who until January led North Carolina\u2019s Health and Human Services Department. \u201cThey\u2019re going to have to look at every single thing and trim dollars everywhere they can.\u201d<\/p>\n Pennsylvania was looking for cost-saving strategies even before the new federal tax-and-spending law, according to Brandon Cwalina, press secretary for the state\u2019s Department of Human Services. Pennsylvania projects it will spend $1.3 billion on GLP-1 drugs this year.<\/p>\n Plans could see real savings, Fendrick said, if they covered GLP-1s for initial weight loss then moved people to cheaper options \u2014 such as more affordable drugs or behavioral health programs \u2014 to maintain it.<\/p>\n Plenty of companies are eager to sell insurers, employers, and individuals on behavioral alternatives. One is Virta<\/a> Health<\/a>, which advertises<\/a> its nutrition-focused weight management program as \u201ca proven approach for deprescribing GLP-1s when clinically appropriate.\u201d A Virta-funded study<\/a> assessed 154 people with Type 2 diabetes who stopped using GLP-1 medications but continued following Virta\u2019s program, concluding that their weight did not significantly increase after a year.<\/p>\n Researchers affiliated with a European weight management company also recently reported<\/a> that slowly tapering off the medications may help maintain weight loss.<\/p>\n For employers and insurers, the \u201cinitial question\u201d was whether to cover GLP-1s for obesity, said Virta CEO Sami Inkinen. \u201cNow, basically, everyone\u2019s coming to the middle and asking, \u2018How do we responsibly cover these drugs?\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n Part of responsible coverage, Inkinen said, is providing other forms of support to patients who stop using GLP-1 medications, by choice or otherwise.<\/p>\n For some people, however, maintaining weight loss without a GLP-1 remains a challenge, even with other options available.<\/p>\n Lily, who lives in Michigan, lost almost 80 pounds in roughly 18 months on Wegovy. But she had to quit the drug when she turned 26 and left her parents\u2019 insurance plan this year. The plan her employer offers stopped covering GLP-1s for weight loss right around the time she joined.<\/p>\n Lily, who asked to be identified by only her first name because she is not out to her family as transgender, has tried other medications since then, and previously tried lifestyle programs to control her weight. But she said nothing works as well for her as Wegovy.<\/p>\n She has regained 20 pounds since going off the drug at the beginning of the year and worries that number will continue to rise, potentially contributing to future health problems.<\/p>\n \u201cJust give people the drugs,\u201d she said. \u201cIt seems cheaper and safer in the long run.\u201d<\/p>\n KFF Health News<\/a> is a national newsroom that produces in-depth journalism about health issues and is one of the core operating programs at KFF\u2014an independent source of health policy research, polling, and journalism. Learn more about KFF<\/a>.<\/p>\nUSE OUR CONTENT<\/h3>\n